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News 50 years ago, scientists wanted to build solar panels on the moon
Night Hunter posted a topic in Science & Space
Solar power from moon to Earth — An almost unlimited supply of electricity could be generated on the moon’s surface by huge arrays of solar cells and beamed to Earth by laser. Sunlight falling on a crater … could produce from 10,000 to 100,000 megawatts of power. By comparison, a large hydroelectric dam on Earth produces about 100 megawatts. Solar cells would be more efficient on the moon than on Earth … because of the lack of dimming clouds. There are no solar panels on the moon yet, but scientists are still looking at ways to harness the sun’s energy in space to use as electricity on Earth. A 2012 NASA report proposed a bell-shaped satellite of solar cells that could supply solar energy to Earth, costing roughly $20 billion to launch. China and Japan are further along. China plans to launch small solar power stations into the stratosphere by 2025; Japan has its sights set on a similar one-gigawatt solar plant, generating as much energy as a typical nuclear power plant on Earth, by the 2030s. Source https://www.sciencenews.org/article/50-years-ago-scientists-wanted-build-solar-panels-moon?tgt=nr -
Joke, I mean its not possible at all.. 🤭 or is it..? 🤔 By Micheal(channel: Vsauce).
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Cheep News I am guilty of this and I know most of you guys that swim have done this too.... Here's an article that explains how much urine may be accumulated and the effects it has on our body. No more public pools for me thanks! I know why it smells the way it does now! _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Even though Olympic swimmers have admitted doing it, peeing in the pool is not a condoned practice. Urine contributes to the formation of compounds in pool water that can be harmful to people's health. Now scientists are tackling a new way to monitor water quality: by measuring how sweet it is. Their report appears in ACS' journal Environmental Science & Technology Letters. Recent studies have shown that nitrogenous compounds (e.g., urea) in urine and sweat react with chlorine to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs), including trichloramine, that can cause eye irritation and respiratory problems. Xing-Fang Li, Lindsay K. Jmaiff Blackstock and colleagues say this evidence has highlighted the need for improved understanding of pool chemistry to raise awareness and educate the public on the importance of swimming hygiene practices. To estimate how much urine -- and potentially DBPs -- might be in a given pool, Li's team needed to identify what compound might consistently be present in urine. So the researchers turned to the artificial sweetener, acesulfame potassium (ACE), which is marketed as Sunett and Sweet One. The sweetener, which is often used in processed foods like sodas, baked goods and even in other sweeteners, is widely consumed, chemically stable and passes right through the digestive tract and into consumers' urine. The researchers developed a rapid, high-throughput analytical technique to test more than 250 water samples from 31 actively used pools and hot tubs in two Canadian cities, and more than 90 samples of clean tap water used to initially fill the basins. The concentration of ACE in the pools and hot tubs ranged from 30 to 7,110 nanograms per liter of water -- up to 570 times more than the levels found in the tap water samples. Based on the concentrations of the sweetener, the researchers estimated that swimmers released more than 7 gallons of urine -- enough to fill a medium-size trash bin -- in a 110,000-gallon pool in one instance, and nearly 20 gallons in a 220,000-gallon pool (one-third the size of an Olympic-size pool) in another instance. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ So spill guys! Have you done this or not? Ive added a poll. It will be anonymous but if you are brave enough to admit to us that you are guilty of contributing to health problems through peeing in pools, then you may post down below. Ive admitted it, SO CAN YOU Source :https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/03/170301084913.htm
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Amazing and fascinating breakthroughs and discoveries are made everyday. I bring to you another subject that I hope peaks your interest. Discuss it. What platforms would be applicable for this kind of technology. Brainstorm guys! A computer interface that can decipher the thoughts of people who are unable to communicate could revolutionize the lives of those living with completely locked-in syndrome, according to a new paper publishing January 31st, 2017 in PLOS Biology. Counter to expectations, the participants in the study reported being "happy," despite their extreme condition. The research was conducted by a multinational team, led by Professor Niels Birbaumer, at the Wyss Center for Bio and Neuroengineering in Geneva, Switzerland. Patients suffering from complete paralysis, but with preserved awareness, cognition, and eye movements and blinking are classified as having locked-in syndrome. If eye movements are also lost, the condition is referred to as completely locked-in syndrome. In the trial, patients with completely locked-in syndrome were able to respond "yes" or "no" to spoken questions, by thinking the answers. A non-invasive brain-computer interface detected their responses by measuring changes in blood oxygen levels in the brain. The results overturn previous theories that postulate that people with completely locked-in syndrome lack the goal-directed thinking necessary to use a brain-computer interface and are, therefore, incapable of communication. Extensive investigations were carried out in four patients with ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease) -- a progressive motor neuron disease that leads to complete destruction of the part of the nervous system responsible for movement. The researchers asked personal questions with known answers and open questions that needed "yes" or "no" answers including: "Your husband's name is Joachim?" and "Are you happy?." They found the questions elicited correct responses in seventy percent of the trials. Professor Birbaumer said: "The striking results overturn my own theory that people with completely locked-in syndrome are not capable of communication. We found that all four patients we tested were able to answer the personal questions we asked them, using their thoughts alone. If we can replicate this study in more patients, I believe we could restore useful communication in completely locked-in states for people with motor neuron diseases." The question "Are you happy?" resulted in a consistent "yes" response from the four people, repeated over weeks of questioning. Professor Birbaumer added: "We were initially surprised at the positive responses when we questioned the four completely locked-in patients about their quality of life. All four had accepted artificial ventilation in order to sustain their life, when breathing became impossible; thus, in a sense, they had already chosen to live. What we observed was that as long as they received satisfactory care at home, they found their quality of life acceptable. It is for this reason, if we could make this technique widely clinically available, it could have a huge impact on the day-to-day life of people with completely locked-in syndrome." In one case, a family requested that the researchers asked one of the participants whether he would agree for his daughter to marry her boyfriend 'Mario'. The answer was "no," nine times out of ten. Professor John Donoghue, Director of the Wyss Center, said: "Restoring communication for completely locked-in patients is a crucial first step in the challenge to regain movement. The Wyss Center plans to build on the results of this study to develop clinically useful technology that will be available to people with paralysis resulting from ALS, stroke, or spinal cord injury. The technology used in the study also has broader applications that we believe could be further developed to treat and monitor people with a wide range of neuro-disorders." The brain-computer interface in the study used near-infrared spectroscopy combined with electroencephalography (EEG) to measure blood oxygenation and electrical activity in the brain. While other brain-computer interfaces have previously enabled some paralyzed patients to communicate, near-infrared spectroscopy is, so far, the only successful approach to restore communication to patients suffering from completely locked-in syndrome. Source : PLOS PS . I feel bad for Mario.
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Today on Cheepedy Cheep Heep news, I, CheepHeep, bring you the latest scientific discoveries in hopes to inspire and expand the intellectual side of our young assassins, beyond the scopes of gaming. To keep updated with the latest that the worlds elites offer to us and to increase awareness of the world we love in today. Regular updates on different scientific topics will be brought right to your doorstep here at FA. Enough with the bullcrap cheep. Get on with it.... Biologists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) have identified a brain hormone that appears to trigger fat burning in the gut. Their findings in animal models could have implications for future pharmaceutical development. "This was basic science that unlocked an interesting mystery," said TSRI Assistant Professor Supriya Srinivasan, senior author of the new study, published in the journal Nature Communications. Previous studies had shown that the neurotransmitter serotonin can drive fat loss. Yet no one was sure exactly how. To answer that question, Srinivasan and her colleagues experimented with roundworms called C. elegans, which are often used as model organisms in biology. These worms have simpler metabolic systems than humans, but their brains produce many of the same signaling molecules, leading many researchers to believe that findings in C. elegans may be relevant for humans. The researchers deleted genes in C. elegans to see if they could interrupt the path between brain serotonin and fat burning. By testing one gene after another, they hoped to find the gene without which fat burning wouldn't occur. This process of elimination led them to a gene that codes for a neuropeptide hormone they named FLP-7 (pronounced "flip 7"). Interestingly, they found that the mammalian version of FLP-7 (called Tachykinin) had been identified 80 years ago as a peptide that triggered muscle contractions when dribbled on pig intestines. Scientists back then believed this was a hormone that connected the brain to the gut, but no one had linked the neuropeptide to fat metabolism in the time since. The next step in the new study was to determine if FLP-7 was directly linked to serotonin levels in the brain. Study first author Lavinia Palamiuc, a TSRI research associate, spearheaded this effort by tagging FLP-7 with a fluorescent red protein so that it could be visualized in living animals, possible because the roundworm body is transparent. Her work revealed that FLP-7 was indeed secreted from neurons in the brain in response to elevated serotonin levels. FLP-7 then traveled through the circulatory system to start the fat burning process in the gut. "That was a big moment for us," said Srinivasan. For the first time, researchers had found a brain hormone that specifically and selectively stimulates fat metabolism, without any effect on food intake. Altogether, the newly discovered fat-burning pathway works like this: a neural circuit in the brain produces serotonin in response to sensory cues, such as food availability. This signals another set of neurons to begin producing FLP-7. FLP-7 then activates a receptor in intestinal cells, and the intestines begin turning fat into energy. Source : Scripps Research Institute.
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As I am in medical science, I'd love to share an old weird medical story that a colleague pointed out to me: A 15-year old girl without external female genitalia has been found 9 months-pregnant after she has been to the same hospital due to a knife fight, 9 months before. Doctors can only guess how she might have gotten pregnant. Read the story and find the PDF of this publication here http://img2.timg.co.il/communafiles/21227065.pdf Why was she involved in the knife fight and why is that relevant? Explanation: -
What is CRISPR-Cas9? CRISPR-Cas9 is a genome editing tool that is creating a buzz in the science world. It is faster, cheaper and more accurate than previous techniques of editing DNA and has a wide range of potential applications. What is CRISPR-Cas9? (You can check the definition of the words with an ? by holding the cursor on it) CRISPR-Cas9 is a unique technology that enables geneticists and medical researchers to edit parts of the genome? by cutting out, replacing or adding parts to the DNA? sequence. It is currently the simplest, most versatile and precise method of genetic manipulation and is therefore causing a buzz in the science world. How does it work? The CRISPR-Cas9 system consists of two key molecules that introduce a change (mutation?) into the DNA. These are: an enzyme? called Cas9. This acts as a pair of ‘molecular scissors’ that can cut the two strands of DNA at a specific location in the genome so that bits of DNA can then be added or removed. a piece of RNA? called guide RNA (gRNA). This consists of a small piece of pre-designed RNA sequence (about 20 bases long) located within a longer RNA scaffold. The scaffold part binds to DNA and the pre-designed sequence ‘guides’ Cas9 to the right part of the genome. This makes sure that the Cas9 enzyme cuts at the right point in the genome. The guide RNA is designed to find and bind to a specific sequence in the DNA. The guide RNA has RNA bases? that are complementary? to those of the target DNA sequence in the genome. This means that, at least in theory, the guide RNA will only bind to the target sequence and no other regions of the genome. The Cas9 follows the guide RNA to the same location in the DNA sequence and makes a cut across both strands of the DNA. At this stage the cell? recognises that the DNA is damaged and tries to repair it. The DNA repair machinery in a cell is not 100 per cent perfect and often there will be a few bases that are lost around the site of the cut when it is repaired. This loss of bases represents a permanent change (mutation) in the genome and will affect the activity of the gene? in which it is located. This may mean the gene doesn’t function properly or doesn’t function at all. Scientists can use CRISPR-Cas9 to target and mutate one or more genes in the genome of a cell of interest. Diagram showing how the CRISPR-Cas9 editing tool works. Image credit: Genome Research Limited. How was it developed? Some bacteria? have a similar, built-in, gene editing system to the CRISPR-Cas9 system that they use to respond to invading pathogens? like viruses,? much like an immune system. Using CRISPR the bacteria snip out parts of the virus DNA and keep a bit of it behind to help them recognise and defend against the virus next time it attacks. Scientists adapted this system so that it could be used in other cells from animals, including mice and humans. What other ‘gene editing’ techniques are there? Over the years scientists have learned about genetics? and gene function by studying the effects of changes in DNA. If you can create a change in a gene, either in a cell line or a whole organism, it is possible to then study the effect of that change to understand what the function of that gene is. For a long time geneticists used chemicals or radiation to cause mutations. However, they had no way of controlling where in the genome the mutation would occur. For several years scientists have been using ‘gene targeting’ to introduce changes in specific places in the genome, by removing or adding either whole genes or single bases. Traditional gene targeting has been very valuable for studying genes and genetics, however it takes a long time to create a mutation and is fairly expensive. Several ‘gene editing’ technologies have recently been developed to improve gene targeting methods, including CRISPR-Cas systems, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs). The CRISPR-Cas9 system currently stands out as the fastest, cheapest and most reliable method for ‘editing’ genes. What are the applications and implications? CRISPR-Cas9 has a lot of potential as a tool for treating a range of medical conditions that have a genetic component, including cancer?, hepatitis B or even high cholesterol. Many of the proposed applications involve editing the genomes of somatic? (non-reproductive) cells but there has been a lot of interest in and debate about the potential to edit germline? (reproductive) cells. Because any changes made in germline cells will be passed on from generation to generation it has important ethical implications. Carrying out gene editing in germline cells is currently illegal in the UK and most other countries. By contrast, the use of CRISPR-Cas9 and other gene editing technologies in somatic cells is uncontroversial. Indeed they have already been used to treat human disease on a small number of exceptional and/or life-threatening cases. A sperm and egg cell. Carrying out gene editing in germline cells is currently illegal in the UK. Image credit: Shutterstock What’s the future of CRISPR-Cas9? It is likely to be many years before CRISPR-Cas9 is used routinely in humans. Much research is still focusing on its use in animal models or isolated human cells, with the aim to eventually use the technology to routinely treat diseases in humans. There is a lot of work focusing on eliminating ‘off-target’ effects, where the CRISPR-Cas9 system cuts at a different gene to the one that was intended to be edited. Better targeting of CRISPR-Cas9 In most cases the guide RNA consists of a specific sequence of 20 bases. These are complementary to the target sequence in the gene to be edited. However, not all 20 bases need to match for the guide RNA to be able to bind. The problem with this is that a sequence with, for example, 19 of the 20 complementary bases may exist somewhere completely different in the genome. This means there is potential for the guide RNA to bind there instead of or as well as at the target sequence. The Cas9 enzyme will then cut at the wrong site and end up introducing a mutation in the wrong location. While this mutation may not matter at all to the individual, it could affect a crucial gene or another important part of the genome. Scientists are keen to find a way to ensure that the CRISPR-Cas9 binds and cuts accurately. Two ways this may be achieved are through: the design of better, more specific guide RNAs using our knowledge of the DNA sequence of the genome and the 'off-target' behaviour of different versions of the Cas9-gRNA complex. the use of a Cas9 enzyme that will only cut a single strand of the target DNA rather than the double strand. This means that two Cas9 enzymes and two guide RNAs have to be in the same place for the cut to be made. This reduces the probability of the cut being made in the wrong place. Source: http://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-crispr-cas9
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Here an abstract from an article 'bout quantum computing. And more precisely, about an astonishing capacity to improve security/privacy system. Quantum Hash function and its application to privacy amplification in quantum key distribution, pseudo-random number generation and image encryption: Quantum information and quantum computation have achieved a huge success during the last years. In this paper, we investigate the capability of quantum Hash function, which can be constructed by subtly modifying quantum walks, a famous quantum computation model. It is found that quantum Hash function can act as a hash function for the privacy amplification process of quantum key distribution systems with higher security. As a byproduct, quantum Hash function can also be used for pseudo-random number generation due to its inherent chaotic dynamics. Further we discuss the application of quantum Hash function to image encryption and propose a novel image encryption algorithm. Numerical simulations and performance comparisons show that quantum Hash function is eligible for privacy amplification in quantum key distribution, pseudo-random number generation and image encryption in terms of various hash tests and randomness tests. It extends the scope of application of quantum computation and quantum information. You can read more about this here: http://www.nature.com/articles/srep19788
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Found this to be a neat read February 4, 1906 – January 17, 1997. Today is the 110th birthday of American astronomer Clyde W. Tombaugh, who discovered the planet Pluto. Tombaugh grew up on a farm in Streator, Illinois. It’s said that, after his family’s crops were destroyed by a hailstorm, he gave up the possibility of attending college, but never gave up his dream of becoming an astronomer. By himself, he learned mathematical skills required for astronomy, including geometry and trigonometry. He later said: Can you imagine young people nowadays making a study of trigonometry for the fun of it? Well I did. More: http://earthsky.org/space/this-date-in-science-clyde-tombaugh-discoverer-of-pluto
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Perpetual Motion and why its not possible, Perpetual motion: the motion of a hypothetical machine that, once activated, would run forever unless subject to an external force or to wear.produces work without the input of energy, a machine which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work Examples of perpetual motion devices: an electric car that charges itself when it drives, A clock that winds itself as tells time. Why isn't it possible? These thing are governed by the first two laws of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics: ∆U = q+w, ∆(delta)U The change internal energy of the system, and (q)The heat transferred into/out of the system and (w) The work done by/on the system. ΔU=q+w simply states that energy can be neither created nor destroyed (conservation of energy). Thus power generation processes and energy sources actually involve conversion of energy from one form to another, rather than creation of energy from nothing. Example of the first law: Battery=chemical energy to electrical Photosynthesis= Optical energy to Chemical energy The Second law of thermos dynamics: dS=∂Q/T The infinitesimal change in entropy of a system (dS) is calculated by measuring how much heat has entered a closed system (∂Q) divided by the common temperature (T) at the point where the heat transfer took place. The Second Law of Thermodynamics is commonly known as the Law of Increased Entropy. While quantity remains the same (First Law), the quality of matter/energy deteriorates gradually over time. HuH? Usable energy is inevitably used for productivity, growth and repair. In the process, usable energy is converted into unusable energy. Thus, usable energy is irretrievably lost in the form of unusable energy. With this information you can see why perpetual motion is not an option. There is a bit more to this due do the three categories of "Perpetual devices." Here are some perpetual device images to give you an idea.
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Hello everyone! First of all, I'm not sure if I need to open this topic at 'Science & Space', 'Technology' or 'Food and Drink', so this topic could be on the wrong section, sorry. Tomorrow I have to do a debate. The topic is 'Genetically modified food is healthy', do you agree or disagree? I have to collect some good arguments and articles to form a good opinion about this topic. So, I want to ask you guys to give your opinion with good arguments and eventually an article to base your arguments on. That'd really help me. Kind regards, Gaskarth c:
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hey friends i am curious about black holes and its various theories i will be glad to hear from i also heard that centre of our galaxy is probably black hole ,,,,,, is that true,,,,,,,,,,, any infos are always welcome
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wow couldn't believe this true explanation for gravity acts at a point cool https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29uNiSSdon8
